Inverse Trigonometric Integration

Reference > Calculus: Integration

Description

\(\int \sin^{-1}{(x)} \, dx=x\sin^{-1}{(x)}+\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}\)

\(\int \cos^{-1}{(x)} \, dx=x\cos^{-1}{(x)}-\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}\)

\(\int \tan^{-1}{(x)} \, dx=x\tan^{-1}{(x)}-\frac{1}{2}\ln{(1+{x}^{2})}\)

\(\int \csc^{-1}{(x)} \, dx=x\csc^{-1}{(x)}-\ln{(x+x\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{{x}^{2}}})}\)

\(\int \sec^{-1}{(x)} \, dx=x\sec^{-1}{(x)}-\ln{(x+x\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{{x}^{2}}})}\)

\(\int \cot^{-1}{(x)} \, dx=x\cot^{-1}{(x)}+\frac{1}{2}\ln{(1+{x}^{2})}\)

Examples
\[\int \sin^{-1}{(x)} \, dx\]
1
Use Integration by Parts on \(\int \sin^{-1}{(x)} \, dx\).
Let \(u=\sin^{-1}{(x)}\), \(dv=1\), \(du=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}} \, dx\), \(v=x\)

2
Substitute the above into \(uv-\int v \, du\).
\[(\sin^{-1}{(x)})x-\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}} \, dx\]

3
Use Integration by Substitution on \(\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}} \, dx\).
Let \(u=1-{x}^{2}\), \(du=-2x \, dx\), then \(x \, dx=-\frac{1}{2} \, du\)

4
Using \(u\) and \(du\) above, rewrite \(\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}} \, dx\).
\[\int -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{u}} \, du\]

5
Use Constant Factor Rule: \(\int cf(x) \, dx=c\int f(x) \, dx\).
\[-\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{u}} \, du\]

6
Since \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}={x}^{-\frac{1}{2}}\), using the Power Rule, \(\int {x}^{-\frac{1}{2}} \, dx=2{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}\)
\[-\sqrt{u}\]

7
Substitute \(u=1-{x}^{2}\) back into the original integral.
\[-\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}\]

8
Rewrite the integral with the completed substitution.
\[(\sin^{-1}{(x)})x+\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}\]

9
Add constant.
\[(\sin^{-1}{(x)})x+\sqrt{1-{x}^{2}}+C\]

Done